Fisker Karma
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| Manufacturer | Fisker Automotive |
|---|---|
| Production | 2011-present |
| Assembly | Uusikaupunki, Finland by Valmet Automotive |
| Class | subcompact luxury sports sedan |
| Body style | 4-door sedan |
| Layout | front engine, rear wheel drive |
| Combustion engine | 2.0 litres (120 cu in) Turbocharged Ecotec VVT DI LNF I4 |
| Electric motor | 2 120 kW (161 hp) motors, and 479 N·m torque[1] |
| Drivetrain | Series hybrid. The two electric motors drive the rear wheels through a limited slip differential, with a final drive ratio of 4:1.[2] |
| Battery | 20.1 kWh (72.4 MJ) lithium-ion battery[2] |
| Range | 230 mi (370 km)[3] |
| Electric Range | 32 mi (51 km)[3] (EPA) 83 km (52 mi)[4] (TÜV) |
| Wheelbase | 124.4 in (3,160 mm) |
| Length | 195.67 in (4,970 mm) |
| Width | 78.11 in (1,984 mm) |
| Height | 51.57 in (1,310 mm) |
| Curb weight | 5,300 lb (2,400 kg) |
| Designer | Henrik Fisker |
History
The Fisker Karma was revealed at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[12] It is the first car from Fisker Automotive, a new auto maker based in Anaheim, California, founded on 5 September 2007.[13]Production began in July 2011,[5] and the first two deliveries took place in the United States on July 26, 2011.[8][14] In October 2011 the first Karma delivered in the UK was auctioned to benefit Pratham UK and raised a bid of GB£140,000 (around US$220,000).[15]
Specifications
The Karma is a pure series hybrid, driven by a pair of 120 kW (161 hp) electric motors that get their power from a 20 kWh lithium ion battery supplied by A123 Systems. The battery pack runs down the center of the car, between the pairs of left-hand and right-hand seats, preventing a rear bench and seating four rather than five passengers. Once the battery is depleted, or when the driver presses the "Sport" mode button, the front-mounted 260-hp, 2.0-liter Ecotec four-cylinder direct-injected and turbocharged gasoline engine switches on to power a generator that sends electricity directly to the drive motors. The engine is sourced by General Motors.[1][16] Unlike the Chevrolet Volt, the Karma's engine is mated with a generator to provide an electrical connection to the motors and also recharge the batteries, and as such the electric motors are the only mechanical driving force connected to the wheels.[1] However, in all-electric mode, the Karma is around half as efficient as the Volt.[16] The proprietary Q-Drive hybrid drive train is supplied by Quantum Technologies, which operates in a joint venture with Fisker Coachbuild known as Fisker Automotive.[17] The Karma's curb weight is 5,300 lb (2,400 kg).[1]The Karma includes as standard[18] a solar paneled roof manufactured by Asola Advanced and Automotive Solar Systems GmbH, a Quantum Technologies affiliate,[19] not only to aid in the recharging of its lithium-ion batteries but also to aid the cabin climate control system. The solar roof is capable of generating a half kilowatt-hour a day[20] and is estimated to provide up to 4 to 5 miles (6.4–8.0 km) of additional range a week assuming continuously sunny days.[21] Additionally, the car will offer a set of solar panels for the garage/house which may charge the Karma without the benefit of conventional electrical sources (e.g. 'off the grid').
The Karma's two 201 brake horsepower (204 PS) motors produce 1,300 newton metres (960 lbf·ft) of torque.[22][23] The Karma features a 125 mph (201 km/h) top speed and is capable of reaching 60 mph (97 km/h) from a standstill in 6.3 seconds[24].
The base model features an 'eco-friendly interior', including salvaged/reclaimed lumber. Optional leather seating is available, but it will use much more of the cow hide than would customarily be found on luxury models; hides with scratches and other marks (which should not affect functionality) will be used.[25]
Fuel economy and range
The German Technical Inspection Association (TÜV) found through independent tests that the Fisker Karma has an all-electric range of 83 km (52 mi) in stealth mode. TÜV found that in charge-sustaining sport mode the Karma achieves a fuel economy of 26 mpg (9.2 l/100km). The combined fuel economy was rated at 112 MPG-e (2.1 l/100km equivalent) and the emissions level is 51 g/km CO2.[4][27]
Production and delivery
The Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat reported[28] that Fisker Automotive and Valmet Automotive reached an early agreement to manufacture the cars in Uusikaupunki, Finland. The Valmet factory located there currently produces Porsche Boxster and Cayman models (until 2012), and has previously produced various Saab models as well as some other cars. On November 13, 2008, the final assembly contract was signed by both parties.[29]
In the United States the first vehicles were sold for US$95,900 for the basic model, and US$109,850 for the top model.[36] In December 2011 prices were raised to US$102,000 for the basic model, and US$116,000 for the top model.[11]
Recall
In December 2011, Fisker recalled the first 239 Karmas built from July through November 3, 2011, and delivered to the USA, due to a risk of battery fire caused by coolant leak. Of the 239 cars, fewer than fifty have been delivered to customers, the rest were in dealerships, and no cars have caught fire. In the report filed by Fisker Automotive with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the carmaker said some hose clamps were not properly positioned, which could allow a coolant leak. “If coolant enters the battery compartment an electrical short could possibly occur, causing a thermal event within the battery, including a possible fire in the [worst] case.” The problem was discovered on December 16 at the Valmet Automotive assembly plant in Finland when workers noticed coolant dripping.[37][38][39]On January 2, 2012, Fisker announced that most customer cars and cars stocked in dealerships affected by the recall involving A123 Systems-supplied battery packs are back in service. The vehicles have either had brand new battery packs installed or the confirmed repair to the hose clamp assembly undertaken. The remaining customers have been contacted and appointments were made for their replacement battery installation.[40]
Consumer Reports test drive
On March 7, 2012, a Fisker Karma purchased for $107,850 by Consumer Reports magazine was taken out for a test drive at the 327-acre (1.32 km2) CR test track facility in Connecticut. The Karma had less than 200 miles (320 km) on its odometer. While performing a routine speedometer calibration check prior to actual road testing, the car broke down and could not be restarted. "We buy about 80 cars a year and this is the first time in memory that we have had a car that is undriveable before it has finished our check-in process."[41]The fault was traced to a defective battery caused by a misaligned welding robot at the A123 factory. The battery was replaced in a week. A123 is replacing affected batteries in the Karma and 4 other customers to a cost of $55 million. Warranty for the Karma will be extended to 60 months and 60,000 miles in North America.[42][43][44][45]
Tesla lawsuit
On 14 April 2008 Tesla Motors filed a lawsuit against Fisker Automotive, alleging that Henrik Fisker stole Tesla's Model S hybrid technology and is using it to develop the Karma. Tesla's suit claimed that the design work done for the Model S sedan by Fisker Coachbuild was substandard, and that Fisker Automotive diverted its best ideas to the Karma.[46] On 4 November 2008 CNET News reported that Tesla Motors would discontinue its suit after an interim ruling in favor of Fisker et al.[47] A news release on the Fisker Automotive website stated that Tesla was ordered to pay $1,144,285 in costs.[48]Related models
Convertible model
In January 2009 Fisker previewed the Karma S "Sunset" at the North American International Auto Show, the world's first plug-in hybrid convertible, with a folding hardtop.[49]Fisker Surf
The Fisker Surf was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show — described by Automobile as a shooting-brake or a hatchback.[50] Sales of the four-door plug-in hybrid, which has the same range as the Karma, are scheduled to begin in 2013.[51] The production version is scheduled to be unveiled at the 2012 Paris Auto Show.[52]The Surf's entire powertrain, chassis, and interior are identical to the Karma sedan, with the only major cabin change being the additional room in back for a couple of adults, and expandable room in the back is up from 7.1 cu ft (0.20 m3) to anywhere from 12.7 cu ft (0.36 m3) to 29.0 cu ft (0.82 m3). Overall weight on the Surf versus the Karma increases by just 77 pounds (35 kg).[53]
Awards and recognition
2009 marked the first time that an electric vehicle was named a North American Production Preview Vehicle of the Year by the North American Concept Vehicle of the Year Awards. The award went to Fisker Automotive for the Fisker Karma Sunset.[54][55]The Fisker Karma was listed among the "Green Design 100" of 2009 by Time Magazine.[56] Also, Time listed the Karma among the "The 50 Best Inventions" of 2011.[57] In November 2011 the Fisker Karma won Automobile magazine's 2012 Design of the Year Award.[58]
In December 2011, Karma was chosen as "Luxury Car of The Year" by Top Gear Magazine, and "Car of The Year" by James May of TopGear.[59][60]
Producers of the TV show "Two and a Half Men" chose the Karma as the vehicle for Walden Schmidt.[61]
In April 2012, platinum pop music artist Justin Bieber was spotted driving with Selena Gomez in his Fisker Karma, which had been painted chrome and fitted with purple under-body neon lights.[62]
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